| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Departments of 1 Physiology and 2 Nephrology, Göteborg University, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden
We have analyzed glomerular sieving data from humans, rats in vivo, and from isolated perfused rat kidneys (IPK) and present a unifying hypothesis that seems to resolve most of the conflicting results that exist in the literature. Particularly important are the data obtained in the cooled IPK, because they allow a variety of experimental conditions for careful analysis of the glomerular barrier; conditions that never can be obtained in vivo. The data strongly support the classic concept of a negative charge barrier, but separate components seem to be responsible for charge and size selectivity. The new model is composed of a dynamic gel and a more static membrane layer. First, the charged gel structure close to the blood compartment has a charge density of 35-45 meq/l, reducing the concentration of albumin to 5-10% of that in plasma, due to ion-ion interactions. Second, the size-selective structure has numerous functional small pores (radius 45-50 Å) and far less frequent large pores (radius 75-115 Å), the latter accounting for 1% of the total hydraulic conductance. Both structures are required for the maintenance of an intact glomerular barrier.
capillary permeability; macromolecular transport; two-pore model
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. Haraldsson, J. Nystrom, and W. M. Deen Properties of the Glomerular Barrier and Mechanisms of Proteinuria Physiol Rev, April 1, 2008; 88(2): 451 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Akilesh, T. B. Huber, H. Wu, G. Wang, B. Hartleben, J. B. Kopp, J. H. Miner, D. C. Roopenian, E. R. Unanue, and A. S. Shaw From the Cover: Podocytes use FcRn to clear IgG from the glomerular basement membrane PNAS, January 22, 2008; 105(3): 967 - 972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Andersson, U. Nilsson, C. Hjalmarsson, B. Haraldsson, and J. S. Nystrom Mild renal ischemia-reperfusion reduces charge and size selectivity of the glomerular barrier Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): F1802 - F1809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jeansson and B. Haraldsson Morphological and functional evidence for an important role of the endothelial cell glycocalyx in the glomerular barrier Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, January 1, 2006; 290(1): F111 - F116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Hunt, M. R. Pollak, and B. M. Denker Cultured Podocytes Establish a Size-Selective Barrier Regulated by Specific Signaling Pathways and Demonstrate Synchronized Barrier Assembly in a Calcium Switch Model of Junction Formation J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2005; 16(6): 1593 - 1602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Venturoli and B. Rippe Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing glomerular permselectivity: effects of molecular size, shape, charge, and deformability Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): F605 - F613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Satchell, K. L. Anderson, and P. W. Mathieson Angiopoietin 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Modulate Human Glomerular Endothelial Cell Barrier Properties J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2004; 15(3): 566 - 574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ciarimboli, C. Hjalmarsson, A. Bokenkamp, H.-J. Schurek, and B. Haraldsson Dynamic alterations of glomerular charge density in fixed rat kidneys suggest involvement of endothelial cell coat Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): F722 - F730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jeansson and B. Haraldsson Glomerular Size and Charge Selectivity in the Mouse after Exposure to Glucosaminoglycan-Degrading Enzymes J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2003; 14(7): 1756 - 1765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Lund, A. Rippe, D. Venturoli, O. Tenstad, A. Grubb, and B. Rippe Glomerular filtration rate dependence of sieving of albumin and some neutral proteins in rat kidneys Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2003; 284(6): F1226 - F1234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Fierlbeck, A. Liu, R. Coyle, and B. J. Ballermann Endothelial Cell Apoptosis during Glomerular Capillary Lumen Formation In Vivo J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2003; 14(5): 1349 - 1354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Pavenstadt, W. Kriz, and M. Kretzler Cell Biology of the Glomerular Podocyte Physiol Rev, January 1, 2003; 83(1): 253 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Lazzara and W. M. Deen Effects of plasma proteins on sieving of tracer macromolecules in glomerular basement membrane Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2001; 281(5): F860 - F868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Deen, M. J. Lazzara, and B. D. Myers Structural determinants of glomerular permeability Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2001; 281(4): F579 - F596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hjalmarsson, M. Ohlson, and B. Haraldsson Puromycin aminonucleoside damages the glomerular size barrier with minimal effects on charge density Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): F503 - F512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ohlson, J. Sorensson, K. Lindstrom, A. M. Blom, E. Fries, and B. Haraldsson Effects of filtration rate on the glomerular barrier and clearance of four differently shaped molecules Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2001; 281(1): F103 - F113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sorensson, M. Ohlson, and B. Haraldsson A quantitative analysis of the glomerular charge barrier in the rat Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): F646 - F656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
